Polyatomic compounds is a
compound derived from polyatomic ions. Ion is a polyatomic ion consisting of
two atoms or more atoms bound together and form ions, both positive ions
(cations) and negative ions (anions).
Polyatomic anions are formed from non-metal atoms with
oxygen (oxygen anions). Appropriate nomenclature polyatomic compounds following
way.
a. For the amount of oxygen anions with a different kind, namely if it contains more oxygen was given its name suffix-at, if less oxygen is the name given the suffix-it.
Example: NO3- = nitrat
NO2-
= nitrit
SO32-
= sulfit
SO42-
= sulfat
b.
To contain the
number of oxygen anions through 4, namely penamaannya ions containing oxygen at
least given the prefix hypo-and suffix-it,
if it contains the most oxygen was given prefix per-and the suffix-at.
Example: CIO- = hipoklorit
CIO2-
= klorit
CIO3-
= klorat
CIO4-
= perklorat
c. Naming polyatomic compounds begins by mentioning the name of cations then anion.
Example: NaNO2 = natrium
nitrit
NaNO3
= natrium
nitrat
K2SO3
= kalium
sulfit
K2SO4
= kalium
sulfat
NaCIO
= natrium
hipoklorit
NaCIO2
= natrium
klorit
NaCIO3
= natrium
klorat
NaCIO4
= natrium
perklorat
Table some
polyatomic ions
|
Ion polyatom
|
Name
|
lon polyatom
|
Name
|
|
NO2-
|
Ion nitrit
|
Sb33-
|
Ion antimonit
|
|
NO3-
|
ion nitrat
|
Sb43-
|
Ion antimonat
|
|
SO32-
|
Ion sulfit
|
S2O32-
|
Ion tiosulfat
|
|
SO42-
|
Ion sulfat
|
CH3COO-
|
Ion asetat
|
|
PO33-
|
Ion fosfit
|
MnO4-
|
Ion manganat
|
|
PO43-
|
Ion fosfat
|
C2O42-
|
Ion oksalat
|
|
AsO32-
|
Ion arsenit
|
CO32-
|
Ion karbonat
|
|
AsO42-
|
Ion arsenat
|
SiO32-
|
Ion silikat
|
|
IO4-
|
Ion periodat
|
BrO2-
|
Ion bromit
|
|
CN-
|
Ion sianida
|
BrO3-
|
Ion bromat
|
|
OH‑
|
Ion hidroksida
|
BrO4-
|
Ion perbromat
|
The general formula combining cations and anions in polyatomic compounds:
if x =y, then
Ax+ + (BC)y- →ABC
Example:
K+ + CN- → 4 KCN = potassium cyanide
Zn2+ + 2OH-→Zn(OH)2 = zinc hydroxide
Fe2+ + 2SO42-
→FeSO4 = iron (II) sulfate
2Fe3++ 3SO42-→Fe2(SO4)3 = iron (III) sulfate
NH4+ + CI-→NH4CI = ammonium chloride
a. Acid Compounds
Acid is a compound containing a cation
H + and an anion..
1) oxy acid compounds
(polyatomic acid)
a) non-metallic elements form only one compound ending in-at.
Example: H2CO3 = carbonic acid
Example: H2CO3 = carbonic acid
b) Non-metals that form two types of
acid, with oxygen
less oxygen ends
in-it-at a
lot of ends..
Example: HNO2 = nitrous acid
HNO3
= nitric acid
H2SO4 = sulfuric acid
H3PO3 = Phosphorous acid
H3PO4 = phosphoric acid
c) halogen oxy acid compounds, naming
the oxidation or
the amount of oxygen.
Example: HCIO = hypochlorous acid
HCIO2
= acid chlorite
HCIO3 = chlorate acid
HCIO4 = perchloric acid
2) Non-oxy acid, the
naming of non-metallic elements were given the
suffix -ida.
 |
Contoh: HF = hydrofluoric acid
HCI = hydrochloric acid
HBr = acid bromide
b. Basa Compound
Bases are compounds that in
solution containing hydroxide ions (OH-).
1) A base of metal with a single
oxidation number.
Example : LiOH = lithium hydroxide
NaOH = sodium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2 = calcium hydroxide
2) 
Basa of metal with multiple
oxidation states.
Basa of metal with multiple
oxidation states.
Example : Fe(OH)2 = iron (II) hydroxide
Fe(OH)3 = iron (III) hydroxide
Sn(OH)2 = tin (II) hydroxide
SN(OH)4 = tin (IV) hydroxide
3) The naming of organic compounds
Organic compounds that have the greatest
composition of atomic C, H, and O among other carboxylic acid group. (R–COOH), where R (alkyl
is a losing
one atom alkanes
H). Examples of some
alkanes::
CH4 = methane
C2H6 = ethane
C3H8 = Propane
C4H10 = butana
Naming for
carboxylic acids is:
 |
Example : HCOOH = metanoat acid
CH3COOH = ethanoic acid
C2H5COOH = propanoate acid
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